Délvidéki Szemle

Magyar katolikus művelődés a két világháború közötti Felvidéken

Attila Petheő — 2025-12-20

In my study I have presented the Catholic Hungarian life in Czechoslovakia during this period without claiming completeness. During this period, there were large Catholic assemblies, Catholic youth days, the Marianum Association, and singing and acting groups. We cannot forget the Hungarian-language Catholic press of the period, which provided intellectual ammunition for the ethnic group, but it is also important to mention the social care network that was at home in the Hungarian settlements. As can be seen, during the period under discussion, there was a vibrant Catholic life in the Felvidék, which kept the local Hungarians in their Catholic faith and Hungarian identity.

Egy huszárkapitány gróf meggyilkolása Jászberényben, a korabeli sajtó tükrében

Bálint Pető — 2025-12-20

In our comprehensive research, we are trying to uncover crimes committed in dualist Hungary, where the perpetrators were not only sentenced to death, but also executed. As the war events of the 20th century almost completely destroyed archival sources on judicial matters, our primary - and often exclusive - source is the newspapers of the time, which usually reported in detail on high newsworthy criminal events, especially when it came to murder. In this paper, we present a criminal case in Jászberény, where a high-ranking military officer - and the younger brother of a former interior minister and later prime minister - was killed by a lieutenant serving under him. Shortly afterwards, the perpetrator was sentenced to death by a military court and hanged.

„… a »pillanatnyi zár« lecsattan”

Franciska Dede — 2025-12-20

In addition to his nine independent and one translated volume, the world traveler and hunting writer, Oszkár Vojnich, a landowner from Bácska, also published several articles in various magazines, including Uj Idők (New Times), a popular literary magazine edited by Ferenc Herczeg, also from Délvidék („southern land” or Vojvodina). In addition to the writings of Vojnich about his various travels, a few amateur photographs also appeared in the weekly’s columns. The study briefly presents the life of Oszkár Vojnich, his relationship with Ferenc Herczeg, and his writings and photographs published in Uj Idők.

A Schweidel József-szobor sorsa a két világháború között

Borbála Fábián — 2025-12-20

the monuments in the territories annexed by the Treaty of Trianon are often referred to as having been destroyed by the invading Serb/Romanian/Czechs. This is also the case with the Schweidel statue in Zombor, erected in 1905, and the statue of Ferenc Rákóczi II. According to my research, these were removed overnight in January 1920. In the early 1920s, these monuments were located in the yard of the Zombor fire barracks. It was Dr. Lőrinc Fehér, a lawyer from Baja, former mayor of Zombor, who first took the initiative to acquire the statues. The City of Baja, with the help of Dr. György Nikolics, a lawyer from Zombor, made several attempts to purchase the statues. The county of Bács-Bodrog also attempted to acquire the statues. In my paper, I will present these attempts on the basis of the documents of the Baja archives and the contemporary press. Jenő Borsay, the first director of the Baja museum, collected the documents concerning the acquisition of the statues. Jenő Borsay discovered that József Schweidel’s father was buried in Baja. He tried to build up a Schweidel cult in Baja. An interesting chapter in the shared history of the two Bácska towns in the years following 1921 can be seen. The memory of Schweidel’s statue continues to live on in the memory of the people of Zombor, thanks to literature and especially to János Herceg. According to the information that has been discovered, the statues were melted after 1931.

A Ghyczy család és Torontál vármegye

Hajnalka Forgács — 2025-12-20

József Ghyczy (1756-1835), the first deputy governor of Komárom County, judge of the Seven-Person Chamber, parliamentary envoy, royal councillor, and magistrate of the Court of the Land of the Judiciary, was deputy governor of Torontál County from 21 March 1820 to 8 August 1825, and then de facto governor from 8 August 1825 until his death on 28 April 1835. The main events that took place in Torontál County during his term as Chief Bailiff were: the election of Sándor Kászonyi Deputy Bailiff and János Marczibányi Bailiff as Parliamentary Ambassadors for the National Assembly of 11 September 1825, the adoption of a decree on the dissemination of the Hungarian language, the election of Miksa Hertelendy and István Ivándai Karátsonyi as ambassadors for the National Assembly of 8 September 1830, the fight against the cholera epidemic was waged, the recruit reserve was established and a new fifth district was decided upon. In the private noble family library of Ignác Ghyczy (1799- 1870), famous book collector and MP, nephew of József Ghyczy, there is a series of lexicons entitled ‚Közhasznu esmeretek tára’, of which the entry ‚Torontál’ in volume 12 of 1834 ends with the name of József Ghyczy, the Chief Bailiff. Ágoston Debreczeni Bárány (1798-1849), notary of the royal table and lawyer, was appointed honorary deputy notary of Torontál County by József Ghyczy at the general assembly of October 1829. Parts of the Ghyczy collection are the volumes of Ágoston Bárány entitled ‚Torontálvármegye’ hajdana’ (‚The Past of the County of Torontál’) (Budán [Buda] : A’ Magyar Kir. Egyetem’ betűivel, 1845) and ‚Temesvármegye’ emléke’ (‚Memory of County Temes’) (Nagy-Becskereken [Nagy-Becskerek] : Pleitz Pál’ betűivel, 1848). Most of the periodicals in which Bárány’s literary works and other writings appeared (Aurora, Felső Magyar-Országi Minerva, Hébe, Koszorú, Muzárion, Regélő, Társalkodó, Tudományos Gyűjtemény, Uránia) are also part of the Ghyczy collection.

A délvidéki magyar sajtó az 1941-es impériumváltás viharában

Lajos Forró — 2025-12-20

During the change of the Empire in 1941, the Hungarian-language press in the South of the region underwent a major transformation. The strict censorship of the Yugoslav state policy after World War I and the banning of Hungarian newspapers limited the development of the press for a long time, but by the end of the 1930s the number of Hungarian newspapers began to increase again. During the change of empire, the local press celebrated the arrival of the Hungarian army, and newspapers continued to operate under new names and with changed content. Although the Hungarian press regained its strength, it became a tool of war propaganda and the independence of journalism continued to decline. This paper analyses the changes in the role of the press and the impact of the political environment during this period.

Az Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia fogolytáborai

Oszkár Gorcsa — 2025-12-20

For decades, the history of the First World War was an underexplored area of research, leading to a lack of focus on the issue of POWs. This scarcity of literature resulted in limited public awareness about captured soldiers, preventing them from being recognized among the commemorated veterans of the war. Consequently, misconceptions about POWs flourished, as there were few researchers to challenge the prevailing narratives. In this presentation, we will outline the key features of Serbian POW camps, including the experiences of Austro-Hungarian soldiers held there. We will discuss the main challenges faced and compare the operations of the Monarchy’s POW camps with those of the Kingdom of Serbia, emphasizing critical issues. Additionally, we will address controversial claims often found in Serbian academic discourse and seek to refute them using primary and secondary sources. The presentation will explore whether the POW camps in the Monarchy were precursors to German Nazi concentration camps designed for the extermination of POWs, or if they represented a fundamentally different system.

A vajdasági magyarság sorsa az 1946. évi föderatív alkotmánytól a joghurtforradalomig (1946–1989)

László Gulyás — 2025-12-20

Already after Second World War, the Great Alliance (USA, Great-Britain, and the Soviet Union) decided to push Hungary back to its 1938 borders. Thus, all the territories were transferred to Hungary between 1938 and 19191 were returned to Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia. Because Vojvodina lived within the framework of Tito’s yugoslav state in the following decades. In our study, we review how the Yugoslav state treated the Hungrian minority. We exemine economic life, the cultural field, political life, and the process of assimilation. In the last part of our study, the so-called we present a yogurt revolution (1988, Novi Sad).

A kirakat mint „kiállító terem” – szabadkai fényképészek a szabadkai sajtóban (1890–1919)

Adrienn Károly — 2025-12-20

the Szabadka (Subotica) press of the late 19th and early 20th centuries followed the work of local photographers with keen interest, and, at the same time, gave space in their columns to popularize them, thus providing valuable sources for the history of the trade of professional photographers of the era. The period when photography became established in the town can be dated back to the last decade of the 19th century when the number of photographers increased. In the period between 1890–1919, twelve names of photographers working in Szabadka appeared simultaneously in the local press. A significant proportion of occurrences drew attention to new or existing studios, reported on changes in locations, or told about opportunities to see finished products, and photographers presented the range of their services in advertisements. The paper deals with these topics and also touches on attitudes concerning issues of reception, as well as the perception of photography as a new medium of art, based on news reports, recountings, and advertisements in periodicals published in Szabadka.

„Minden pap újságíró és minden jó újságíró pap”

Tibor Klestenitz — 2025-12-20

When Gyula Czapik was appointed to bishop of Veszprém in 1939, many press organs emphasized that the new prelat had originally worked as a journalist. The theoretical journal of Hungarian journalists, A Sajtó, for example, drew a direct parallel between journalists and clergymen, stating that „every priest is a journalist and every good journalist is a priest”. Born in Szeged in 1887, Czapik spent most of his childhood in his father’s small printing shop. As a young and highly qualified priest in the diocese of Csanád, the world of publishing was a natural medium for him, and in 1916 he took over the editorship of the clerical journal Havi Közlöny, which had a long tradition. His work quickly brought him recognition, and he continually improved and diversified the content of his magazine, with a strong emphasis on direct and open communication with readers. As a sign of his esteem, the possibility of merging his provincial journal with a Budapest weekly was a serious consideration, and he got the commission to edit the Temesvár supplement of the newly established Catholic daily Neue Post. The study traces Czapik’s early career as an editor and his work as a newspaper producer in Temesvár, revealing how the two seemingly different vocations, pastoral and journalistic, defined the young cleric’s work.

Társadalmi rétegződés és mobilitás az egykori József Attila Tudományegyetem Marxizmus-Leninizmus Tanszékcsoportjában

Márk Rácz — 2025-12-20

In my study, I will discuss the career path of the lecturers of the Marxism-Leninism Department of the József Attila University of Szeged (JATE), where, like in other higher education institutions, only the most politically reliable persons were allowed to teach during the decades of socialism. I formulated my research question in terms of the social milieu from which ideological teachers came to teach at the university. This may be important to give a more accurate picture on the lecturers who ran the Rákosi and Kádár regimes in terms of their social base. My hypothesis is that they were predominantly individuals of peasant or working-class origin who were raised by the system. I believe that they were the ‚faces’ or ‚talking heads’ of the political system in the domestic higher education system, who saw themselves as the masters of life and death. In addition, the status of lecturers was a position of trust in higher education, within which only politically trustworthy, loyal Communist Party members were employed. The teaching unit under study was characterised by the teaching of subjects that were compulsory for students. Some of the former ideological instructors were not able to transcend their own shadow because of their social status. In other words, many of them were not sufficiently innovative to be able to fully renew themselves professionally after 1990. Based on my research so far, I believe that not all Marxism- Leninism teachers were proud of their origins, or tried not to boast about them. This may be particularly interesting in the light of the fact that the socialist regime built its policies on the very people who came from the working class and peasantry. In an institution of higher education, however, a different standard prevailed, and the lack of education soon became apparent in their behaviour. In addition, the teaching profession was not for all of them either, since the teaching habitus had its own characteristics, the absence of which could lead to conflict between students and lecturers, which could damage the authority of the lecturers. In my view, the deeper a talent comes from the periphery, the more socially driven he/she is. There is no doubt that these people have come into universities to teach through considerable social mobility.

„Tengerre magyar!” – Monográfia a történelmi Magyarország tengeri kikötővárosának, Fiuménak, és a magyar kereskedelmi tengerhajózásnak a történetéről

András Döbör — 2025-12-20

Pelles Márton – Zsigmond Gábor:
A fiumei magyar kereskedelmi tengerészet története (1868–1918). /
The Hungarian Maritime Trade History of Fiume (1868–1918).
Pro Pannonia, Pécs, 2018. 215 p.

Hiánypótló munka Magyarország XX. századi történelmének egy szégyenteljes fejezetéről

Bálint Pető — 2025-12-20

Perczel Olivér:
Egy megszállás anatómiája – Román világ Magyarországon 1918–1920.
Jaffa Kiadó és Kereskedelmi Kft., Budapest, 2024. 223 p.