The Turks on Medieval Arab Maps (9th–10th centuries)
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Abstract
The Arab medieval maps depict various kinds of Turks. Muḥammad al-Khwārizmī mentioned the Turks and Toguzguz as the population of two Scythias of Ptolemy – the inner and outer sides of the mountain Imaus. However, al-Khwārizmi did not associate the location of Scythia (Askutiya) with this mountain. The circular world maps of al-Balkhī, al-Iṣṭakhrī and Ibn Ḥawqal show the various Turk peoples around Caspian and Aral Seas.
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Kalinina, Tatiana M. 2019. “The Turks on Medieval Arab Maps (9th–10th Centuries)”. Chronica 18 (May):153-63. https://www.iskolakultura.hu/index.php/chronica/article/view/31979.
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